Artificial hair piece



J. E. JEVNIKAR 2,233,100

ARTIFICIAL HAIR PIECE Feb. 25, 1941. 1

Filed April 24, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. JOHN E. JEVNIKARATTORNEY.

Feb. 25, 1941. J. E. JEVNIKAR ARTIFICIAL HAIR PIECE 2 w m w M My 00 WWhm m WM u f m w. .1

Patented Feb. 25, 1941 PATENT OFFICE ARTIFICIAL HAIR PIECE J oh-n E. Jevnikar, Euclid Village, Ohio, assignor to Phyllis M. Jevnikar, Euclid,Ohio Application April 24, 1939, Serial No. 269,663

9 Claims.

This invention relates to artificial hair pieces such as toupees orwigs. Hereafter the term toupee will be used throughout, but it is notintended thereby toexclude wigs. The purposes of my invention are toenhance the natural appearance of a toupee, particularly by treatment atthose points where artificiality is most readily detected: at theforehead to look as though it were natural hair, concealing thefoundation to which the toupee hair is attached but at the same timeproviding a foundation lace edge of strong durable construction; toplace the part where it cannot be lost and will have a deep appearance,not flat, the depth and narrowness of definition serving to conceal thefoundation; to so arrange v the hair at the front edge of the part andat the crown or rear of the part as to make it fall with a naturalappearance no matter in what way the toupee may be combed or brushed,and particularly to avoid the exposure of any substantial area of thefoundation at these points.

For the accomplishment of the foregoing purposes and such others as mayappear from the following description, I will now explain in detail andillustrate with drawings preferred embodiments of my invention, it beingunderstood that such description is by way of illustration rather thanof limitation.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 illustrates my invention applied toa toupee having a plain portion, being a perspective view of the upperpart of a human head to which the toupee is attached;

r Fig. 2 is a corresponding view illustrating a pompadour;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a foundation for the toupee of Fig. 1; 1

Fig. 4 is a perspective View of a foundation for the toupee of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic plan view illustrating the method ofarrangement of my invention at the front of the part, along the part,and at the crown;

Fig. 6 is an enlargement of one side of the front portion only of Fig.5;

Fig. '7 is a further'enlargement of a small portion of Fig. 6; i

Fig. 8 is an enlargement of the front. end only of the parting strip,the portion illustrated being approximately indicated by the bracket 8in Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the front lace portion of Fig. 4;

Fig. 10 is an enlargement of the portion In of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 illustrates, on a smaller scale, the arrangement of Fig. 5 asmodified for a pompadour toupee; and

Fig. 12 is an enlarged plan showing the arrangement of the hair at thefront edge of the pompadour, the portion being approximately thatindicated by reference character l2 in Fig. 11.

For making the toupeeof Fig. 1, the foundation shown in Fig. 3 isemployed. This consists 3 in a silk gauze portion 2|, shaped to theoutlines of the head portion to be covered, and having reinforcingpieces as 22 sewed to the gauze, to which pieces of adhesive wax or thelike is attached to hold the toupee to the scalp. A ribbon 23 isstitched around the edge of the silk foundation, according to the usualcustom, and a strip 24 of gauze is stitched along on top of thefoundation to serve as the base for the parting of the hair, that is,the immediate base for the area in which the hair is set or ventilatedin a particular manner to make the part. The ribbon 23 isomitted acrossthefront of 24. For the construction of a pompadour toupee, Fig. 2, afoundation as shown in Fig. 4 is employed, in which the elements mostlycorrespond with those of Fig. 3 and are similarly numbered but withprimes. The foundation of Fig. 4 includes a lace front 30, of finethread and fine mesh, shown in more detail in Figs. 9 and 10, stitchedat its rear edge to the silk 2| with a reinforcing ribicon 23. Thedetails of the front 30 will be described below, in connection with amore detailed description of the method of arranging the hair in thetoupee. l

Reference is now made to Fig. -5 which shows the arrangement of theentire parting area of my improved toupee, whereby a natural appear:ance is obtained. Fig. 5 is in diagrammatic style and shows the-way thehair is ventilated or directed in various sub-areas, thus indicating thefall of the hair without brushing. In this figure the hair shown is thatsecured to the strip 24,

.and no more of the toupee foimdation is shown, since the hair on theother parts of the foundation is arrangedin conventional manner andfastened to the foundation by the usual practicesand at the sides joinsimperceptibly with the natural hair indicated by the reference characterN, Figs. land 2.

On the strip 24 the hair 41 which is fastened in the entire areas35-38--40-36 and 35-39- 4|36 is arranged on both sides of the partinglin-e.35-.36 tending diagonally to the rear and outward asshown insteadof straight to the rear as has been the previous practice. At the frontof the part a particular arrangement of blending of the hairs is. madeby ventilating the hair in well-defined groups 48, 49 and 50 withnatural lay respectively to the right front, left front and straightforward. As seen in Fig. 6 and to some extent in Fig. '7, the group 48consists of hairs attached to the appropriate sides of mesh-es in theentire area 35-31-48 as to have the intended lay or direction; the group49 is similarly planted in the entire area 35-41-39; and

the group 50 in the areas 38-51-31 and 39-60-31. When the group 50 isparted and brushed to each side, Fig. 8, it is intermingled with thegroups 48 and 49 on right and left respectively, giving the naturalappearance shown at 8 in Fig. 1.

At the rear of the strip 24, that is at the crown of the head, wherenatural hair makes some change of direction, the same sort of anarrangement is used in part for blending; that is, a quantity of hairdesignated as 5| is rooted along the line 40-36 and similarly along theline 36-4I, although tending straight to the rear. The transverse barsof a row of meshes from 31 to 36 are left vacant as shown in Figs. 6, 7and 8, permanently defining the entire parting line.

It will be appreciated that in practice the lines 31-38-35-39 which areshown as straight on the diagrammatic Fig. 5 will be somewhat irregularto avoid an artificial and unnatural appearance, details of the actualarrangement being shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, where the points 35, 38, 31are approximately indicated by arrows, since these in actual practiceare not exact points and strictly defined lines, but onlyapproximations. The strip 24 is of hexagonal mesh lace, and individualhairs or small groups of hairs are secured to the appropriate sides ofthe meshes by a sort of looping knot as well known to wig makers and notillustrated. These hairs or groups of hairs are indicated indiagrammatic style in Figs. 6, 7 and 12 by short lines, but withdirection of lay definitely shown. A similar style is used in Fig. 8,although in Fig. 8 the hairs are considerably longer to show the effectof brushing. Thus in Fig. 7 a bunch of hairs of group 50 is attached tothe forward sides of each of the meshes B, D, F, and H so that the line31-38 actually progresses by successive rearward and sideward steps orofi'sets. These bunches are designated as A, C, E and G respectively,besides another bunch H behind G fastened to the front edge of a meshwhich is not shown complete. All these bunches are ventilated forwardand all belong to the left half of group 50 (see also Figs. 6 and 8).Only a -short section of the line 31-38 is shown.

Bunches of group 48, all ventilated to the right front are shownattached to diagonal sides of meshes K. The transverse sides of mesheson the parting line are bare.

The entire length of the line 31-38 is seen in Fig. 6 where on accountof the smallness of the figure no reference letters are employed. Fig. 6shows that except for the overlapping bunches rooted along line 31-38(and correspondingly along line 38-35) all the hairs rooted in triangle6l-31-38 lay straight forward, all rooted in 31-38-35 lay to the rightfront, and all rooted in the area behind 38-35 lay to the right rear. InFig. 6 the areas just mentioned should show bunches of hairs in everymesh to be strictly accurate, but some of the meshes are left emptymerely for the purpose of not overloading the drawings. The diagonalbunches belonging to group 48 are designated by reference characters Kin Fig. '7. The arrangement is also illustrated diagrammatically in Fig.8 where the hairs are extended to show how they will be curved bybrushing. To simplify the showing only two hairs are used to representeach tuft and the diagonal-tending hairs K (group 48) along the lines31-38 of Fig. 8 are not shown, while the forward-tending hairs A, C andso on (group 50) along the line 31-39 are not shown. The same principlesare employed in the blending around all four sides of the diamond 35,39, 31, 38 and along both edges of the V 40-36-41, and result in agradual change of direction of the hairs at these points which all tendto a natural appearance and prevent any look of artificiality,especially giving a natural appearance after the hair is brushed, but atthe same time inasmuch as hairs in all directions are always separatedand given an initial tendency in the proper direction from the partingline, the part in the toupee can never disappear and will always returnand be easily restored by brushing or combing, because the fundamentaldirection of every group of hairs on the strip 24 is related to theparting.

Besides the blending just described, additional treatment is neededalong the front edge Bil-6| of the strip 24 and such treatment isillustrated in Fig. 8, wherein the lines which represent groups of hairare extended to considerable length to show the direction of brushing.The direction of all hairs in group 50, that is all hairs rooted in thetriangles 31-61-38 and 31-60- 39, is forward, and certain hairs of thisgroup are rooted right along transverse bars of the front line ofmeshes, as indicated at A, Fig. '1, so as to completely conceal thestraight fine front edge Bil-6| of the lace strip 24. These hairs havinga natural tendency forward can never lie back in such a way as to exposethe lace 24, but in order to keep them from falling forward over theforehead, they are brushed sidewards as shown in Fig. 8, just as naturalhair would be brushed. With this arrangement the hair can be brushedeither straight to the side, or to the front with a sideward tendency,or with a considerable rearward sideward tendency, according to thetaste of the wearer.

If a complete pompadour arrangement is to be used, it is preferable tohave the hair disposed on a differently arranged foundation, as shown inFigs. 4 and 11, which is particularly designed to give a naturalappearance in the front where the front hair is given a strong backwardtendency, as in pompadour or semipompadour brushing. Referring now toFig. 4, the lace parting strip 24 is somewhat shorter than 24, and theadhesive reinforcements 22 are moved somewhat back, giving room in frontfor a sector 30 of lace or netting approximately crescent shape. asshown in more detail in Figs. 9 and 10. This edge lace 30 is preferablystitched along its. rear line to a ribbon 23' strengthening itsconnection to the silk foundation 2|.

The lace 30, like the strip of lace 24 or 24', is woven in a finehexagonal mesh, the material preferably being human hair of a white orvery light color, so as to be almost invisible where any portions of itare uncovered by the hair of the toupeel. For further illustration, Fig.10 is included, being an enlargement of that portion of Fig. 9designated by the square Ill. The distinguishing feature of this frontlace piece 30, is that the front edge 10 is of the same weight orthickness as the rest of the net, but at the same time is a finishededge, and not a raw or cut edge. Since the rear edge 1! can never showunder any circumstances, it is woven of several strands of the net fiberand is a heavier edge, with no attempt to maintain the irregularity ofappearance which aids in the concealment of the edge 10.

Further details of this arrangement are seen in Figs. 11 and 12, wherethe strip 24 is shown as slightly overlapping or underlapping theforward lace 30, and the hair is ventilated diagonally rearward on bothsides of the parting line 3'|'-36' not only along the strip 24', butalso right up to the front edge of the lace 30. The pompadour calls forsome special arrangement in front, but not so much as in the frontarrangement shown in Fig. 5. The square l2 of Fig. 11 shows the portionfrom which the much enlarged view of Fig. 12 is taken, one side only ofthe extreme forward portion of the part being shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 12, which is on the same scale as Fig. 7, is intended to indicatethe manner in which the hair is thinned out towards the front in thepompadour toupee of Fig. 2, imitating nature in this respect. Referringnow to Fig. 12, it will be observed that the first row I of hexagonalmeshes on the front lace 30 is entirely blank, the next row II is shownas having one mark on a side of each mesh, the following row III twomarks, row IV three marks, these marks tending to the right and rear,and each mark indicating a group of hair fastened to the particularside. Of course in actuality each group of hair would be very muchlonger and overlap a very considerable number of meshes, but thedistribution and number of the marks is intended to represent thethickening of the hair from front to rear, full thickness being attainedseveral rows back. The front row of meshes are unfilled, so that thefine white mesh strand, irregular in outline, but finished so as not toravel will look like natural pores or irregularities of the skin. Acorresponding arrangement, but tending in the opposite direction will beused on the left side of the parting line 3'l'-3B, as apparent from Fig.11.

It will be apparent from the foregoing description that I have inventeda toupee or wig and method of making the same, in which the lay of thehair, although considerably different in some respects from that ofnature, nevertheless produces an effect which imitates nature inappearance more completely than would be the case if it were attemptedto give all hair in the toupee or wig a natural fall. At the same time,

the way the hair is ventilated or put in gives it a fall in which theparting line can never be lost, although the foundation is not apparentat the parting line, and the front of the pompadour or other form oftoupee is not visiblealthough at the same time is strong and firm, andwill not fray out.

Certain preferred practical embodiments of my invention being thusdisclosed, the scope is set forth in the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a toupee in combination a blended crown formed of hair ventilatedoutwardly and rearwardly along a parting line and having said outwardlyand rearwardly ventilated portion bounded by a diagonal line tendingforwardly and outwardly from the rear end of the part, with hairventilated straight back in the foundation area which is behind saiddiagonal definition line.

2. In a toupee in combination, blending along a line tending diagonallyfrom the parting line, said line being established by fastening hairs insuccessively sidewardly offset groups on netting space sides, suchgroups being aligned in themselves.

3. A method of toupee making which comprises ventilating hair in afoundation in distinct but contiguous areas, the hair in each area beingventilated in a single direction, different for each area, followed bycombing all hair in the various sections in substantially the samedirection on each side of a parting line.

4. In a toupee in combination a parting area foundation strip, a partingline defined thereon, and a front blended area including a substantiallytriangular subordinate area on each sidev of the parting line, each suchsubordinate area having a side along the front edge of said strip with apoint of such side at the front of the parting line, the hair in saidsubordinate areas being ventilated straight forward, but brushedsideward, whereby the bases of such hair tend directly forward no matterhow brushed.

5. A toupee including a narrow parting area substantially from foreheadto crown, said area comprising in combination two narrow areas of haireach directed angularly outward and rearward on opposite sides of aparting line, said areas tapering to a point on the parting line at thecrown, with the hair which adjoins the parting area at the rear of saidtaper directed straight to the rear, and the hair in the forward end ofsaid parting strip being arranged in areas defined by approximatelydiamond shape boundaries, with the front and rear points of said diamondon the parting line, and the outer points of the diamond on therespective edges of the parting area, the rear edges of the diamonddefining boundaries for the angularly rearwardly directed hair in theparting area, the halves of the diamond on opposite sides of the partingline being filled with hair directed outward and forward and the hair inthe partingarea in front of the diamond being directed straight forward.

6. In a toupee in combination a front foundation of lace, including afinished front edge of the same thread thickness as the remainder of thelace, said edge changing direction at distances not greater than meshwidth.

7. In a toupee in combination a front foundation of lace, including afinished front edge of the same thread thickness as the remainder of thelace, said edge changing direction at distances not greater than meshwidth, and hairs secured to the sides of the lace meshes, the front lineof meshes being vacant, a few hairs being attached to the second line ofmeshes, and. the quantity of hair attached to each line of meshesincreasing away from the front.

8. In a toupee which includes a silk base foundation, reinforcing stripson said foundation, a lace front of approximately crescent shape, thefront strand of said lace being arranged with changes of direction atshort intervals, thereby forming the front edges of the individualmeshes of the front line, said front strand being of the same weight asthe body of the netting.

9. A toupee as in claim 5, having a front foundation of lace, saidfoundation including a finished front edge of the same thread thicknessas the remainder of the lace, said edge changing direction at shortintervals, thereby forming the front edges of the individual meshes ofsaid edge.

